What Does a Whole House Water Filter Remove? Whole house water filtration systems protect your entire home by removing a wide range of contaminants before they reach any faucet or appliance.
BestReVu – From chlorine and heavy metals to sediment and volatile organic compounds, these systems provide comprehensive protection. In this guide, we’ll explore exactly what whole house filters can remove, helping you choose the right system for your specific water quality concerns.
While most municipal water supplies meet basic safety standards, these regulations don’t address many emerging contaminants and don’t account for aging infrastructure that can introduce additional pollutants. Whole house water filtration systems offer a comprehensive solution by treating water at its entry point, ensuring every faucet, shower, and appliance in your home delivers cleaner, safer water.
In this comprehensive BestRevu guide, we’ll examine exactly what whole house water filters remove, how different filtration technologies work, and how to choose the right system for your specific water quality concerns.
Understanding Whole House Water Filtration
The Difference Between Whole House and Point-of-Use Filters
Whole house water filters and point-of-use filters serve different purposes in your home’s water treatment strategy. Understanding these differences is crucial when deciding which approach best meets your needs.
Whole house filters, also called point-of-entry (POE) systems, are installed where your main water line enters your home. They treat all water that enters your plumbing system, ensuring that every outlet—from kitchen sinks to shower heads, washing machines to outdoor spigots—delivers filtered water.
Point-of-use (POU) filters, on the other hand, are installed at specific water outlets like under kitchen sinks or in shower heads. They provide targeted filtration for individual water sources rather than your entire home.
| Feature | Whole House Filters | Point-of-Use Filters |
|---|---|---|
| Installation Location | Main water line entry point | Individual faucets/outlets |
| Coverage | Entire house | Single water source |
| Applications | Complete home protection | Targeted filtration |
| Initial Cost | Higher | Lower per unit |
| Maintenance | Less frequent | More units to maintain |
| Protection Scope | Protects plumbing & appliances | Protects only at point of use |
Crystal Quest, a leading manufacturer featured in BestRevu’s top water filtration solutions, offers systems in both categories, with their whole house systems receiving particularly strong reviews for comprehensive contaminant removal.
How Whole House Filtration Systems Work
Whole house water filtration systems operate through a straightforward but effective process that treats water before it’s distributed throughout your home:
- Water Entry: Unfiltered water from your municipal supply or well enters your home through the main water line.
- Pre-Filtration: The water first passes through a sediment pre-filter that removes larger particles like sand, dirt, rust, and debris. This step is crucial for protecting subsequent filtration stages from clogging.
- Main Filtration Stage: After pre-filtration, water flows through the primary filtration media, which may include activated carbon, KDF media, or other specialized materials depending on your system. This stage removes chemical contaminants, heavy metals, and improves taste and odor.
- Post-Filtration/Treatment: Some advanced systems include additional stages like UV purification to address microorganisms or polishing filters for final water quality improvement.
- Distribution: The filtered water then continues through your home’s plumbing system to all fixtures and appliances.
For optimal performance, most systems operate with a minimum water pressure of 30-60 PSI, with a slight pressure drop (typically 5-10 PSI) occurring across the filtration media. Systems like Crystal Quest’s whole house filters are designed to minimize this pressure drop while maximizing contaminant removal.
Shop this article: Whole House Water Filtration System Diagram
Primary Components of a Complete Filtration System
A comprehensive whole house water filtration system consists of several key components:
- Main Filter Housing: The durable container that holds the filtration media, typically made from food-grade polypropylene or stainless steel. Premium systems like Crystal Quest’s Eagle Redox models use corrosion-resistant materials rated for decades of service.
- Pre-Filter: Usually a 5-20 micron sediment filter that prevents larger particles from reaching and potentially damaging the main filtration media. This component typically requires the most frequent replacement.
- Main Filter Media: The heart of the system, which may include:
- Activated carbon for chemical removal
- KDF media for heavy metal reduction
- Catalytic carbon for chloramine treatment
- Mixed media for comprehensive filtration
- Control Valve and Bypass System: Allows water to bypass the filter during maintenance and controls backwashing in applicable systems.
- Pressure Gauges: Monitor pressure before and after filtration to indicate when filter maintenance is needed.
- Connections and Fittings: High-quality systems use lead-free brass or durable composite materials for long-term reliability.
The quality of these components directly impacts system performance and longevity. BestRevu testing has shown that systems with larger filter housings and higher-grade components, like those from Crystal Quest, typically offer better flow rates and longer filter lifespans.
Shop this article: Whole House Reverse Osmosis System
Common Contaminants Removed by Whole House Filters
Municipal Water Contaminants
Chlorine and Chloramines
Municipal water treatment facilities add chlorine or chloramines to water as disinfectants to kill harmful bacteria and viruses. While these chemicals are essential for preventing waterborne diseases, they can create problems in your home:
- Chlorine produces a distinctive chemical taste and odor that can affect drinking water and cooking.
- When heated (in showers or baths), chlorine converts to gas that can be inhaled, potentially aggravating respiratory conditions.
- Chlorine can dry out skin and hair, exacerbating conditions like eczema and psoriasis.
Whole house activated carbon filters are highly effective at removing chlorine, with removal rates of 95-99% in properly sized systems. Chloramines, increasingly used as an alternative to chlorine, are more difficult to remove and require specialized catalytic carbon media for effective reduction.
Crystal Quest’s Eagle Redox systems, featuring a combination of multiple filtration technologies, have demonstrated exceptional chlorine and chloramine removal in BestRevu’s independent testing, maintaining effectiveness longer than many competing brands.
Disinfection Byproducts (THMs and HAAs)
When chlorine and chloramines react with naturally occurring organic matter in water, they form disinfection byproducts (DBPs), including:
- Trihalomethanes (THMs): Including chloroform, bromoform, bromodichloromethane, and dibromochloromethane
- Haloacetic Acids (HAAs): Including monochloroacetic acid, dichloroacetic acid, trichloroacetic acid, monobromoacetic acid, and dibromoacetic acid
These compounds are associated with potential health risks, including increased cancer risk with long-term exposure. The EPA regulates THMs with a maximum contaminant level of 80 parts per billion and HAAs at 60 parts per billion.
Catalytic carbon is the most effective filtration media for removing these compounds, with high-quality systems achieving 90-95% reduction rates. Crystal Quest whole house systems with catalytic carbon have consistently performed at the higher end of this range in third-party testing.
Shop this article: SMART Whole House Water Filter (9-13 GPM)
Heavy Metals (Lead, Mercury, Copper)
Heavy metals in drinking water typically come from aging infrastructure, including old pipes, solder, and fixtures. These contaminants pose significant health risks, particularly for children and pregnant women.
Different filter technologies offer varying levels of protection against heavy metals:
| Heavy Metal | KDF Media | Bone Char | Carbon Block | Reverse Osmosis |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Lead | 95-99% | 70-90% | 60-95% | 95-99% |
| Mercury | 95-98% | 50-70% | 60-90% | 95-98% |
| Copper | 90-95% | 40-60% | 60-80% | 95-99% |
Multi-stage systems like Crystal Quest’s whole house filters combine KDF media with other technologies to provide comprehensive heavy metal protection. Their Eagle Redox Alloy® technology has been specifically engineered to target heavy metals through an oxidation-reduction process.
Well Water Contaminants
Sediment and Particulate Matter
Well water often contains physical particles that can affect water clarity and damage plumbing systems:
- Sand and silt from well construction or environmental infiltration
- Rust particles from well components or pipes
- Organic debris including plant matter
These particles are measured in microns (1 micron = 1/25,000 of an inch), with smaller particles requiring finer filtration:
- 50-100 microns: Visible to the naked eye
- 10-50 microns: Size of pollen, mold, and sand particles
- 1-10 microns: Bacteria, most sediment
- <1 micron: Viruses, fine clay particles
Sediment filters with ratings from 50 down to 1 micron can effectively capture these particles, with pleated filters offering more surface area and longer life than string-wound or spun filters. Crystal Quest’s multi-gradient sediment pre-filters are designed to capture particles of varying sizes, extending the life of subsequent filtration stages.
Iron, Manganese, and Sulfur
Well water frequently contains minerals that cause distinctive problems:
Iron symptoms:
- Rusty or orange stains on fixtures and laundry
- Metallic taste in water
- Orange or brown discoloration
- Clogged pipes and reduced water pressure over time
Manganese symptoms:
- Black or brown stains on fixtures
- Dark discoloration in water
- Bitter or metallic taste
Sulfur symptoms:
- Rotten egg smell
- Tarnished silverware
- Yellowing of white fabrics
Specialized oxidizing media like Crystal Quest’s Eagle Redox is particularly effective for these contaminants. Their systems can handle iron concentrations up to 3 ppm, manganese up to 1 ppm, and hydrogen sulfide up to 2 ppm without requiring separate iron removal systems.
Bacteria and Microorganisms
Well water may contain various microorganisms including:
- Bacteria (E. coli, coliform, salmonella)
- Protozoa (giardia, cryptosporidium)
- Viruses (hepatitis, norovirus)
Standard filtration alone isn’t sufficient to address these biological contaminants. Effective treatment typically combines:
- Sub-micron filtration to physically remove larger organisms
- UV purification systems that destroy the DNA of microorganisms
- Optional chlorination systems for residual protection
Crystal Quest offers integrated solutions that combine mechanical filtration with UV purification, achieving 99.99% reduction of harmful microorganisms. For well owners, regular water testing is essential, with tests recommended at least annually or whenever changes in water appearance, odor, or taste occur.
Shop this article: SMART Whole House Water Filter (9-13 GPM)
Specialized Filtration Technologies
Sediment Filters: What They Catch
Sediment filters serve as the first line of defense in whole house systems, capturing particulate matter before it reaches more specialized filtration media. Their effectiveness depends on their micron rating and construction:
| Micron Rating | What It Captures | Applications |
|---|---|---|
| 50-100 micron | Sand, large sediment | Pre-filtration for very turbid water |
| 20-50 micron | Silt, fine sand | Standard well water pre-filtration |
| 5-20 micron | Fine silt, rust particles | Municipal water pre-filtration |
| 1-5 micron | Very fine sediment, some bacteria | Final sediment stage before specialty media |
| <1 micron | Bacteria, cysts, ultra-fine particles | Specialized applications |
Sediment filters come in various types:
- Pleated filters offer more surface area and typically longer life
- Spun or melt-blown filters provide graduated filtration with denser material toward the core
- String-wound filters offer good dirt-holding capacity at lower cost
Crystal Quest’s multi-gradient sediment filters combine multiple densities in a single cartridge, capturing larger particles in the outer layers while preventing finer particles from passing through the inner layers. This design extends filter life while maintaining flow rates better than single-density alternatives.
Activated Carbon Filtration: Chemical Removal Capabilities
Activated carbon is the workhorse of chemical contaminant removal in most whole house systems. It works through adsorption—a process where contaminants adhere to the carbon’s vast surface area (a single pound of activated carbon can have a surface area equivalent to 125 acres).
Carbon filtration is highly effective against:
- Chlorine (95-99% removal)
- Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) (85-95% removal)
- Pesticides and herbicides (60-95% removal)
- Many pharmaceutical residues (50-90% removal)
- Disinfection byproducts (70-90% removal)
Carbon filters come in two main forms:
- Granular Activated Carbon (GAC): Loose carbon granules with good flow rates but potential channeling
- Carbon Block: Compressed carbon with better filtration but higher pressure drop
Catalytic carbon, a specialized form used in premium systems like Crystal Quest’s, undergoes additional treatment to enhance its ability to remove chloramines and hydrogen sulfide—contaminants that standard carbon struggles with.
Effectiveness depends heavily on contact time—how long water remains in contact with the carbon media. Larger systems with more carbon provide longer contact time and superior results, which is why BestRevu typically recommends systems with at least 1 cubic foot of media for whole house applications.
KDF Media: Heavy Metal Reduction
KDF (Kinetic Degradation Fluxion) media is composed of high-purity copper-zinc granules that remove contaminants through an electrochemical process called redox (reduction-oxidation). This specialized media offers several advantages:
- Highly effective against heavy metals like lead, mercury, and copper
- Provides antimicrobial properties that inhibit bacteria growth within the filter
- Helps extend the life of carbon media by preventing bacterial growth
- Contributes to balancing pH levels in acidic water
- Can be regenerated during backwashing, extending service life
KDF is particularly effective for:
- Lead reduction (95-99%)
- Mercury reduction (95-98%)
- Chlorine removal (99%)
- Iron and hydrogen sulfide reduction (85-95%)
Crystal Quest’s Eagle Redox Alloy® represents an advanced implementation of KDF technology, engineered to maximize contaminant removal while maintaining higher flow rates than standard KDF media.
In multi-stage systems like those recommended by BestRevu, KDF is typically placed before carbon media to pre-treat water and extend carbon life, creating a more effective and economical filtration solution.
UV Purification: Microbial Protection
Ultraviolet (UV) purification represents the final barrier against biological contaminants in many comprehensive whole house systems. This technology:
- Uses concentrated UV-C light (254 nanometer wavelength) to destroy microorganisms
- Disrupts the DNA of bacteria, viruses, and parasites, preventing reproduction
- Requires no chemicals and adds nothing to the water
- Provides protection against chlorine-resistant organisms like cryptosporidium
The effectiveness of UV systems depends on several factors:
- Clarity of the water (pre-filtration is essential)
- UV intensity (measured in microwatts per square centimeter)
- Contact time (governed by flow rate and chamber design)
- Lamp age (effectiveness diminishes over time)
With proper pre-filtration, quality UV systems achieve:
- 99.99% reduction of bacteria
- 99.95% reduction of viruses
- 99.9% reduction of cysts like giardia and cryptosporidium
Crystal Quest’s integrated UV systems feature automatic monitoring of UV intensity and lamp life, with premium models incorporating stainless steel reaction chambers for maximum reflection and effectiveness. When combined with their multi-stage filtration, these systems provide comprehensive protection even for private well supplies with potential microbial contamination.
Contaminants That Require Additional Filtration
Fluoride Removal Limitations
Fluoride presents a challenge for standard filtration systems because of its small molecular size and chemical properties. Most activated carbon and sediment filters remove little to no fluoride from water.
Effective fluoride reduction requires specialized media:
- Activated alumina (85-95% removal)
- Bone char (65-90% removal)
- Special anion exchange resins (80-90% removal)
These specialized media have important limitations:
- Narrow optimal pH ranges (typically 5.5-6.5)
- Limited capacity before requiring regeneration or replacement
- Slower flow rates than standard filtration media
- Susceptibility to interference from competing contaminants
For those seeking fluoride removal, BestRevu typically recommends Crystal Quest’s specialized fluoride reduction systems, which combine activated alumina with proprietary media enhancements to provide longer service life and higher capacity than standard options. Their dual-tank configurations maintain household water pressure while providing thorough contact time for maximum fluoride reduction.
PFAS/PFOS and “Forever Chemicals”
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), including perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS), represent one of the most challenging emerging contaminant classes. These “forever chemicals” are:
- Highly persistent in the environment and human body
- Linked to health effects including immune system suppression, hormone disruption, and potential cancer risks
- Increasingly found in water supplies across the country
- Subject to evolving regulatory standards (The EPA has established a health advisory level of 70 parts per trillion)
Standard filtration technologies have limited effectiveness against these compounds:
- Activated carbon: Moderately effective (60-95%) but requires frequent replacement
- Reverse osmosis: Highly effective (95-99%) but typically only for point-of-use applications
- Ion exchange resins: Effective (90-97%) but specialized and expensive
For comprehensive PFAS protection, BestRevu recommends multi-stage systems like Crystal Quest’s PFAS reduction packages, which combine specialized high-capacity activated carbon with additional technologies to achieve reduction rates exceeding 99% for most PFAS compounds while maintaining practical flow rates for whole-house applications.
Dissolved Minerals and Hardness
While minerals like calcium and magnesium contribute to water hardness, most filtration systems aren’t designed to reduce these beneficial minerals. Instead, water conditioning technologies address the scale-forming properties of hard water:
Common water hardness levels include:
- Soft: 0-60 mg/L (0-3.5 grains per gallon)
- Moderately hard: 61-120 mg/L (3.5-7 grains per gallon)
- Hard: 121-180 mg/L (7-10.5 grains per gallon)
- Very hard: 180+ mg/L (10.5+ grains per gallon)
Treatment options include:
- Traditional salt-based softeners that exchange calcium and magnesium with sodium
- Salt-free conditioners that alter mineral crystal structure to prevent scale formation
- Electronic descalers that use electromagnetic technology to prevent scale adhesion
Crystal Quest offers both salt-based and salt-free solutions that can integrate with their filtration systems for comprehensive water treatment. BestRevu’s testing has shown their salt-free systems to be particularly effective for scale prevention without the downsides of traditional softeners (sodium addition, water waste during regeneration, and ongoing salt expense).
Arsenic and Specialized Removal Needs
Arsenic in drinking water poses significant health risks and requires specialized treatment approaches. This contaminant exists in two forms:
- Arsenic III (arsenite): More difficult to remove, predominant in oxygen-poor groundwater
- Arsenic V (arsenate): Easier to remove, often found in surface water or after oxidation
Standard filtration technologies provide limited arsenic reduction, typically removing only 30-50% of total arsenic. Effective treatment requires:
- Oxidation pre-treatment to convert Arsenic III to Arsenic V
- Specialized adsorbent media such as iron-based adsorbents or activated alumina
- Careful monitoring and maintenance to prevent breakthrough
Crystal Quest’s arsenic reduction systems have demonstrated removal rates exceeding 99% in BestRevu testing when properly matched to water conditions. They combine oxidation technologies with proprietary adsorbent media engineered specifically for arsenic removal, providing protection against this dangerous contaminant for 3-5 years before media replacement is needed.
Health and Household Benefits
Improved Water Quality Throughout the Home
Whole house filtration delivers consistent, high-quality water to every outlet in your home, creating numerous benefits:
- Kitchen: Better tasting drinking water, improved flavor in coffee and tea, clearer ice cubes, and enhanced cooking results
- Bathroom: Cleaner showers and baths without chlorine exposure, healthier water for brushing teeth and washing face
- Laundry: Brighter colors, softer fabrics, and extended clothing life with fewer harsh chemicals
- Whole house: Reduced scale buildup, fewer stains on fixtures, and improved efficiency in water-using appliances
BestRevu’s consumer surveys have found that Crystal Quest system owners frequently mention these quality-of-life improvements as being just as important as the health benefits, with many noting they hadn’t realized how much their water quality had been affecting daily life until experiencing the difference with filtered water.
Respiratory and Skin Health Improvements
Research has shown significant health benefits from reducing chlorine exposure throughout the home:
- Shower water typically reaches 104-106°F, creating steam that vaporizes chlorine
- The average shower exposes you to more chlorine through inhalation and skin absorption than drinking 8 glasses of the same water
- A 10-minute shower in chlorinated water can release chloroform and other disinfection byproducts at levels exceeding outdoor air quality standards
Whole house filtration can reduce these exposures significantly, potentially helping with:
- Reduced respiratory irritation for asthma and allergy sufferers
- Decreased skin dryness and irritation
- Improved hair health and manageability
- Better overall indoor air quality
Crystal Quest’s whole house systems with catalytic carbon have been particularly effective in reducing chlorine byproducts according to BestRevu’s testing, with before-and-after air quality measurements showing significant improvements in chloroform levels during shower operation.
Extended Appliance Lifespan
One of the most concrete financial benefits of whole house filtration is extended appliance life and reduced maintenance:
- Water heaters typically last 5-10 years, but scale buildup from untreated hard water can reduce this by 30-50%
- Washing machines, dishwashers, and other water-using appliances can experience 25-40% longer operational life with filtered water
- Coffee makers, ice machines, and humidifiers stay cleaner and require less frequent descaling
BestRevu calculates that for a typical household, these savings can amount to $1,200-$2,400 over a 10-year period, helping offset the initial investment in a quality filtration system like those offered by Crystal Quest.
Reduction in Plastic Bottle Usage
Switching to filtered water can dramatically reduce plastic waste:
- The average American uses 156 plastic water bottles annually
- A family of four could eliminate over 600 bottles per year with filtered water
- This represents approximately 30-40 pounds of plastic waste avoided annually
Beyond environmental benefits, the cost savings are substantial:
- Bottled water typically costs $1-$2 per gallon
- Filtered water costs approximately $0.10-$0.15 per gallon including system and replacement filters
- Annual savings for a family of four: $300-$600
Crystal Quest systems are designed to deliver water quality exceeding most bottled water at a fraction of the cost, with the added convenience of having great-tasting water always available from every tap in your home.
Technical Specifications That Matter
Flow Rate Requirements for Different Household Sizes
Selecting a properly sized filtration system ensures adequate water pressure and volume throughout your home:
| Household Size | Recommended Flow Rate | Minimum Filter Size |
|---|---|---|
| 1-2 people, 1 bathroom | 8-10 GPM | 10″ x 54″ |
| 3-4 people, 2 bathrooms | 12-15 GPM | 12″ x 52″ |
| 5+ people, 3+ bathrooms | 15-20+ GPM | 13″ x 54″ or larger |
Factors affecting required flow rate include:
- Peak usage patterns (morning showers, laundry, dishwashing)
- Irrigation systems running simultaneously with indoor use
- High-flow fixtures like rainfall shower heads
- Water pressure from municipal supply or well pump
Crystal Quest’s whole house systems are available in multiple sizes to match household needs, with their largest models capable of handling estates and small commercial applications. BestRevu recommends selecting a system one size larger than your minimum requirements to ensure adequate flow during peak demand and to extend filter life.
Filter Capacity and Lifespan Metrics
Understanding filter capacity helps predict maintenance needs and overall operating costs:
- Sediment pre-filters typically last 3-6 months depending on water quality
- Carbon media typically processes 100,000-300,000 gallons before replacement (1-3 years for average households)
- Specialized media like KDF can last 5-7 years in backwashing systems
- UV lamps require replacement every 9-14 months regardless of water usage
Crystal Quest’s whole house systems offer some of the industry’s highest capacities, with their premium models processing up to 1,000,000 gallons—approximately 3-5 years for most households—before requiring media replacement. This extended capacity translates directly to lower long-term ownership costs and less frequent maintenance.
Replacement indicators to monitor include:
- Pressure drop across the system exceeding manufacturer specifications
- Changes in water taste, odor, or appearance
- Elapsed time since last replacement (following manufacturer guidelines)
- Gallons processed (if using a meter)
Micron Rating: Understanding Filtration Precision
Micron ratings indicate the size of particles a filter can capture:
- Human hair averages 50-70 microns in diameter
- Red blood cells are approximately 8 microns
- Bacteria typically range from 0.2-2 microns
- Viruses can be as small as 0.02-0.4 microns
Most whole house systems use a staged approach to filtration:
- Pre-filters: 5-50 microns to remove larger particles
- Mid-stage filters: 1-5 microns for finer sediment
- Final filtration: 0.5-1 micron for the smallest particles
Crystal Quest’s multi-gradient filtration approach combines multiple densities within a single cartridge, providing more effective particle removal across the spectrum while maintaining better flow rates than strictly defined absolute micron ratings.
When evaluating micron ratings, understand the difference between:
- Nominal ratings: Captures approximately 85% of particles at the stated size
- Absolute ratings: Captures 99.9% of particles at the stated size
NSF/ANSI Certifications and What They Mean
Third-party certifications provide assurance that products perform as claimed:
| Standard | What It Covers | Significance |
|---|---|---|
| NSF/ANSI 42 | Aesthetic effects (taste, odor, chlorine) | Basic performance standard |
| NSF/ANSI 53 | Health-related contaminant reduction | Critical for health claims |
| NSF/ANSI 61 | Material safety for drinking water | Ensures no harmful leaching |
| NSF/ANSI 401 | Emerging contaminants | Pharmaceuticals, hormones |
| NSF P231 | Microbiological purifiers | Bacteria, virus removal |
Crystal Quest’s filtration systems carry multiple NSF certifications, providing independent verification of performance claims. BestRevu considers these certifications essential when evaluating water treatment products, as they distinguish systems that have undergone rigorous testing from those making unverified marketing claims.
When reviewing certifications, it’s important to verify that the specific model being considered—not just the company or a similar product—holds the relevant certifications, and that the certification covers the specific contaminants of concern.
Choosing the Right System for Your Water Supply
Municipal vs. Well Water Considerations
Municipal and well water supplies typically present different filtration challenges:
Municipal Water Primary Concerns:
- Chlorine and chloramines
- Disinfection byproducts
- Aging infrastructure (lead pipes, copper)
- Trace pharmaceuticals
- PFAS/PFOS in some regions
Well Water Primary Concerns:
- Sediment and turbidity
- Iron, manganese, sulfur
- Hardness minerals
- Bacteria and microorganisms
- Nitrates from agricultural runoff
When selecting a system, prioritize technologies that address your specific water source:
| Water Source | Recommended Primary Technologies | Optional Additions |
|---|---|---|
| Municipal | Activated carbon, catalytic carbon | UV purification, lead reduction |
| Well | Sediment filtration, oxidizing media | Water softening, UV purification |
Crystal Quest offers specialized system configurations for both water sources, with their municipal water systems focusing on chemical reduction and their well water systems emphasizing sediment handling, iron removal, and microbial protection. BestRevu’s testing has shown their “Eagle” series to be particularly versatile for addressing both categories of concerns.
Water Testing: Identifying Your Specific Contaminants
Before selecting any filtration system, comprehensive water testing is essential:
DIY Testing Options:
- Basic test strips ($10-$30): Check pH, hardness, chlorine, nitrates, and some metals
- Digital TDS meters ($15-$50): Measure total dissolved solids as a general water quality indicator
- Color-change kits ($25-$100): Test for specific contaminants like lead, iron, and bacteria
Professional Lab Testing:
- Basic panels ($100-$200): Cover common concerns including metals, minerals, and bacteria
- Comprehensive analysis ($300-$500): Detailed testing for dozens of potential contaminants
- Specialized tests: Target specific concerns like PFAS, arsenic, or uranium
BestRevu recommends Crystal Quest’s water testing services for their comprehensive analysis and expert interpretation, which helps match test results to specific filtration solutions. Their technicians can provide customized system recommendations based on your unique water profile.
For ongoing monitoring, consider:
- Annual testing for well water supplies
- Testing municipal water if you notice changes in taste, odor, or appearance
- More frequent testing if contamination has been found previously
- Testing after major plumbing work or environmental events like flooding
Matching Filter Technology to Water Analysis Results
Once you have water test results, mapping contaminants to the appropriate technologies is crucial:
| Contaminant Category | Primary Technology | Secondary Technology |
|---|---|---|
| Sediment/Turbidity | Gradient density filtration | Backwashing filters |
| Chlorine/Taste/Odor | Activated carbon | Catalytic carbon |
| Heavy Metals | KDF media | Bone char |
| Iron/Manganese | Oxidizing media | Air injection |
| Microorganisms | UV purification | Sub-micron filtration |
| PFAS/PFOS | Specialized carbon | Ion exchange |
| Hardness | Salt-based softening | Template assisted crystallization |
For complex water challenges, multi-stage systems like Crystal Quest’s Eagle series combine multiple technologies to address several concerns simultaneously. BestRevu’s testing has shown these integrated approaches to be more cost-effective and space-efficient than installing separate systems for each contaminant.
When working with limited budgets, prioritize:
- Health-related contaminants with regulatory standards
- Issues affecting all water uses (sediment, iron)
- Taste and odor concerns
- Aesthetic issues (hardness, staining)
Sizing Systems for Multi-Bathroom Homes
Proper planning for physical installation requirements ensures an effective and maintainable system:
Space Requirements:
- Minimum 24-30 inches of clearance above tanks for media replacement
- 12-18 inches of side clearance for filter changes and maintenance
- Flat, level surface capable of supporting system weight (100-300 lbs when filled)
- Protection from freezing temperatures and direct sunlight
Plumbing Considerations:
- Compatible pipe materials (PEX, copper, CPVC) with appropriate transitions
- Adequate water pressure (minimum 30-40 PSI for most systems)
- Drainage access for backwashing systems
- Electrical outlet for UV systems or electronic controllers
Crystal Quest systems are designed for compact installation, with their dual-tank configurations requiring approximately 24″ x 24″ of floor space plus clearances. According to BestRevu testing, their design offers better accessibility for maintenance than many competing systems that require equal filtering capacity.
For pre-existing plumbing, flexible installation kits with multiple connection options simplify integration with various pipe materials. The Crystal Quest installation guide provides detailed diagrams for common scenarios, making planning easier for both DIY installers and professionals.
Bypass Valve Importance
A properly designed bypass valve system is essential for long-term satisfaction with your filtration system:
- Emergency Access: Provides access to water during power outages or system maintenance
- Maintenance Convenience: Allows filter changes without shutting off water to the entire house
- Outdoor Usage Options: Can direct untreated water to garden hoses for non-consumption uses
- System Isolation: Permits pressure testing and troubleshooting without affecting home water supply
Most quality systems like Crystal Quest include a 3-valve bypass configuration that offers maximum flexibility. This design uses:
- One valve before the filter input
- One valve after the filter output
- One valve connecting these two lines as the actual bypass
This arrangement allows for partial bypassing if needed and makes it much easier to service the system without water interruption. BestRevu considers a proper bypass setup to be an essential feature, not an optional convenience, and ranks systems accordingly.
Water Pressure Considerations
Water pressure dynamics play a crucial role in filtration system performance:
- Most residential systems require 30-80 PSI input pressure
- Pressure drop across filters typically ranges from 5-15 PSI depending on:
- Filter type and micron rating
- Flow rate (higher flows create greater pressure drop)
- Sediment accumulation
- Media compaction over time
For accurate pressure monitoring, gauges should be installed:
- Before the pre-filter to measure incoming pressure
- After the final filtration stage to measure delivered pressure
- Optionally between stages to isolate pressure drops
Crystal Quest’s systems are engineered to minimize pressure drop, with their larger diameter tanks and optimized flow paths maintaining higher delivered pressure than many competing systems. BestRevu testing has shown their pressure drop to be typically 25-30% lower than similarly priced alternatives at equivalent flow rates.
For homes with marginal pressure (below 40 PSI), consider:
- Larger diameter filter housing to reduce restriction
- Pressure-boosting pumps if pressure consistently falls below system requirements
- Staged filtration with strategic bypass options for high-demand situations system sizing depends on peak demand rather than average water usage:
- Calculate peak demand by assuming simultaneous usage:
- Shower: 2.5-5 GPM
- Toilet flush: 2-3 GPM
- Faucet: 1.5-2.5 GPM
- Washing machine: 3-5 GPM
- Dishwasher: 2-4 GPM
- For most accurate sizing, add the flow rates of fixtures likely to be used simultaneously during peak periods (typically mornings)
- Consider future expansion or additional water-using appliances
- For well systems, match filtration to pump capacity to avoid pressure drops
Crystal Quest offers systems capable of handling homes with multiple bathrooms, with their larger models supporting flow rates up to 25 GPM. BestRevu typically recommends their 13″ x 54″ tanks for homes with 3+ bathrooms to ensure adequate pressure during peak usage periods.
Important connection specifications include:
- Main supply line size (typically 3/4″ to 1-1/4″)
- Filter port size (larger is better for maintaining flow)
- Bypass valve configuration for maintenance
Installation Considerations
Professional vs. DIY Installation
Deciding between professional and DIY installation depends on several factors:
DIY Installation Pros:
- Cost savings ($300-$800 compared to professional installation)
- Flexibility in scheduling
- Personal knowledge of the system for future maintenance
DIY Installation Cons:
- Requires plumbing experience and proper tools
- May void warranty if mistakes are made
- Can be time-consuming (4-8 hours for first-time installers)
Required Skills and Tools:
- Basic plumbing knowledge
- Pipe cutting and joining skills
- Pressure testing ability
- Pipe wrenches, cutter, solder or compression tools (depending on pipe material)
Crystal Quest provides detailed installation guides and support for DIY installers, with video tutorials available for their most popular systems. For those not comfortable with plumbing work, BestRevu recommends professional installation, which typically includes system planning, full installation, pressure testing, and initial system sterilization.
Budget-Friendly Systems with Strong Performance
Quality filtration doesn’t have to break the bank. These systems offer excellent value:
Crystal Quest Economy Whole House System
- Key Features:
- Simplified design focusing on essential filtration
- DIY-friendly installation with included components
- Standardized replacements for lower long-term costs
- 10 GPM flow rate for 1-2 bathroom homes *# What Does a Whole House Water Filter Remove?
Did you know that the EPA has identified more than 80 contaminants commonly found in U.S. drinking water supplies? According to the Environmental Working Group, tap water in all 50 states contains potentially harmful contaminants, with over 270 million Americans drinking water containing detectable levels of these substances.
While most municipal water supplies meet basic safety standards, these regulations don’t address many emerging contaminants and don’t account for aging infrastructure that can introduce additional pollutants. Whole house water filtration systems offer a comprehensive solution by treating water at its entry point, ensuring every faucet, shower, and appliance in your home delivers cleaner, safer water.
In this comprehensive BestRevu guide, we’ll examine exactly what whole house water filters remove, how different filtration technologies work, and how to choose the right system for your specific water quality concerns.
Understanding Whole House Water Filtration
The Difference Between Whole House and Point-of-Use Filters
Whole house water filters and point-of-use filters serve different purposes in your home’s water treatment strategy. Understanding these differences is crucial when deciding which approach best meets your needs.
Whole house filters, also called point-of-entry (POE) systems, are installed where your main water line enters your home. They treat all water that enters your plumbing system, ensuring that every outlet—from kitchen sinks to shower heads, washing machines to outdoor spigots—delivers filtered water.
Point-of-use (POU) filters, on the other hand, are installed at specific water outlets like under kitchen sinks or in shower heads. They provide targeted filtration for individual water sources rather than your entire home.
| Feature | Whole House Filters | Point-of-Use Filters |
|---|---|---|
| Installation Location | Main water line entry point | Individual faucets/outlets |
| Coverage | Entire house | Single water source |
| Applications | Complete home protection | Targeted filtration |
| Initial Cost | Higher | Lower per unit |
| Maintenance | Less frequent | More units to maintain |
| Protection Scope | Protects plumbing & appliances | Protects only at point of use |
Crystal Quest, a leading manufacturer featured in BestRevu’s top water filtration solutions, offers systems in both categories, with their whole house systems receiving particularly strong reviews for comprehensive contaminant removal.
How Whole House Filtration Systems Work
Whole house water filtration systems operate through a straightforward but effective process that treats water before it’s distributed throughout your home:
- Water Entry: Unfiltered water from your municipal supply or well enters your home through the main water line.
- Pre-Filtration: The water first passes through a sediment pre-filter that removes larger particles like sand, dirt, rust, and debris. This step is crucial for protecting subsequent filtration stages from clogging.
- Main Filtration Stage: After pre-filtration, water flows through the primary filtration media, which may include activated carbon, KDF media, or other specialized materials depending on your system. This stage removes chemical contaminants, heavy metals, and improves taste and odor.
- Post-Filtration/Treatment: Some advanced systems include additional stages like UV purification to address microorganisms or polishing filters for final water quality improvement.
- Distribution: The filtered water then continues through your home’s plumbing system to all fixtures and appliances.
For optimal performance, most systems operate with a minimum water pressure of 30-60 PSI, with a slight pressure drop (typically 5-10 PSI) occurring across the filtration media. Systems like Crystal Quest’s whole house filters are designed to minimize this pressure drop while maximizing contaminant removal.
![Whole House Water Filtration System Diagram]
Primary Components of a Complete Filtration System
A comprehensive whole house water filtration system consists of several key components:
- Main Filter Housing: The durable container that holds the filtration media, typically made from food-grade polypropylene or stainless steel. Premium systems like Crystal Quest’s Eagle Redox models use corrosion-resistant materials rated for decades of service.
- Pre-Filter: Usually a 5-20 micron sediment filter that prevents larger particles from reaching and potentially damaging the main filtration media. This component typically requires the most frequent replacement.
- Main Filter Media: The heart of the system, which may include:
- Activated carbon for chemical removal
- KDF media for heavy metal reduction
- Catalytic carbon for chloramine treatment
- Mixed media for comprehensive filtration
- Control Valve and Bypass System: Allows water to bypass the filter during maintenance and controls backwashing in applicable systems.
- Pressure Gauges: Monitor pressure before and after filtration to indicate when filter maintenance is needed.
- Connections and Fittings: High-quality systems use lead-free brass or durable composite materials for long-term reliability.
The quality of these components directly impacts system performance and longevity. BestRevu testing has shown that systems with larger filter housings and higher-grade components, like those from Crystal Quest, typically offer better flow rates and longer filter lifespans.
Common Contaminants Removed by Whole House Filters
Municipal Water Contaminants
Chlorine and Chloramines
Municipal water treatment facilities add chlorine or chloramines to water as disinfectants to kill harmful bacteria and viruses. While these chemicals are essential for preventing waterborne diseases, they can create problems in your home:
- Chlorine produces a distinctive chemical taste and odor that can affect drinking water and cooking.
- When heated (in showers or baths), chlorine converts to gas that can be inhaled, potentially aggravating respiratory conditions.
- Chlorine can dry out skin and hair, exacerbating conditions like eczema and psoriasis.
Whole house activated carbon filters are highly effective at removing chlorine, with removal rates of 95-99% in properly sized systems. Chloramines, increasingly used as an alternative to chlorine, are more difficult to remove and require specialized catalytic carbon media for effective reduction.
Crystal Quest’s Eagle Redox systems, featuring a combination of multiple filtration technologies, have demonstrated exceptional chlorine and chloramine removal in BestRevu’s independent testing, maintaining effectiveness longer than many competing brands.
Disinfection Byproducts (THMs and HAAs)
When chlorine and chloramines react with naturally occurring organic matter in water, they form disinfection byproducts (DBPs), including:
- Trihalomethanes (THMs): Including chloroform, bromoform, bromodichloromethane, and dibromochloromethane
- Haloacetic Acids (HAAs): Including monochloroacetic acid, dichloroacetic acid, trichloroacetic acid, monobromoacetic acid, and dibromoacetic acid
These compounds are associated with potential health risks, including increased cancer risk with long-term exposure. The EPA regulates THMs with a maximum contaminant level of 80 parts per billion and HAAs at 60 parts per billion.
Catalytic carbon is the most effective filtration media for removing these compounds, with high-quality systems achieving 90-95% reduction rates. Crystal Quest whole house systems with catalytic carbon have consistently performed at the higher end of this range in third-party testing.
Heavy Metals (Lead, Mercury, Copper)
Heavy metals in drinking water typically come from aging infrastructure, including old pipes, solder, and fixtures. These contaminants pose significant health risks, particularly for children and pregnant women.
Different filter technologies offer varying levels of protection against heavy metals:
| Heavy Metal | KDF Media | Bone Char | Carbon Block | Reverse Osmosis |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Lead | 95-99% | 70-90% | 60-95% | 95-99% |
| Mercury | 95-98% | 50-70% | 60-90% | 95-98% |
| Copper | 90-95% | 40-60% | 60-80% | 95-99% |
Multi-stage systems like Crystal Quest’s whole house filters combine KDF media with other technologies to provide comprehensive heavy metal protection. Their Eagle Redox Alloy® technology has been specifically engineered to target heavy metals through an oxidation-reduction process.
Well Water Contaminants
Sediment and Particulate Matter
Well water often contains physical particles that can affect water clarity and damage plumbing systems:
- Sand and silt from well construction or environmental infiltration
- Rust particles from well components or pipes
- Organic debris including plant matter
These particles are measured in microns (1 micron = 1/25,000 of an inch), with smaller particles requiring finer filtration:
- 50-100 microns: Visible to the naked eye
- 10-50 microns: Size of pollen, mold, and sand particles
- 1-10 microns: Bacteria, most sediment
- <1 micron: Viruses, fine clay particles
Sediment filters with ratings from 50 down to 1 micron can effectively capture these particles, with pleated filters offering more surface area and longer life than string-wound or spun filters. Crystal Quest’s multi-gradient sediment pre-filters are designed to capture particles of varying sizes, extending the life of subsequent filtration stages.
Iron, Manganese, and Sulfur
Well water frequently contains minerals that cause distinctive problems:
Iron symptoms:
- Rusty or orange stains on fixtures and laundry
- Metallic taste in water
- Orange or brown discoloration
- Clogged pipes and reduced water pressure over time
Manganese symptoms:
- Black or brown stains on fixtures
- Dark discoloration in water
- Bitter or metallic taste
Sulfur symptoms:
- Rotten egg smell
- Tarnished silverware
- Yellowing of white fabrics
Specialized oxidizing media like Crystal Quest’s Eagle Redox is particularly effective for these contaminants. Their systems can handle iron concentrations up to 3 ppm, manganese up to 1 ppm, and hydrogen sulfide up to 2 ppm without requiring separate iron removal systems.
Bacteria and Microorganisms
Well water may contain various microorganisms including:
- Bacteria (E. coli, coliform, salmonella)
- Protozoa (giardia, cryptosporidium)
- Viruses (hepatitis, norovirus)
Standard filtration alone isn’t sufficient to address these biological contaminants. Effective treatment typically combines:
- Sub-micron filtration to physically remove larger organisms
- UV purification systems that destroy the DNA of microorganisms
- Optional chlorination systems for residual protection
Crystal Quest offers integrated solutions that combine mechanical filtration with UV purification, achieving 99.99% reduction of harmful microorganisms. For well owners, regular water testing is essential, with tests recommended at least annually or whenever changes in water appearance, odor, or taste occur.
Specialized Filtration Technologies
Sediment Filters: What They Catch
Sediment filters serve as the first line of defense in whole house systems, capturing particulate matter before it reaches more specialized filtration media. Their effectiveness depends on their micron rating and construction:
| Micron Rating | What It Captures | Applications |
|---|---|---|
| 50-100 micron | Sand, large sediment | Pre-filtration for very turbid water |
| 20-50 micron | Silt, fine sand | Standard well water pre-filtration |
| 5-20 micron | Fine silt, rust particles | Municipal water pre-filtration |
| 1-5 micron | Very fine sediment, some bacteria | Final sediment stage before specialty media |
| <1 micron | Bacteria, cysts, ultra-fine particles | Specialized applications |
Sediment filters come in various types:
- Pleated filters offer more surface area and typically longer life
- Spun or melt-blown filters provide graduated filtration with denser material toward the core
- String-wound filters offer good dirt-holding capacity at lower cost
Crystal Quest’s multi-gradient sediment filters combine multiple densities in a single cartridge, capturing larger particles in the outer layers while preventing finer particles from passing through the inner layers. This design extends filter life while maintaining flow rates better than single-density alternatives.
Activated Carbon Filtration: Chemical Removal Capabilities
Activated carbon is the workhorse of chemical contaminant removal in most whole house systems. It works through adsorption—a process where contaminants adhere to the carbon’s vast surface area (a single pound of activated carbon can have a surface area equivalent to 125 acres).
Carbon filtration is highly effective against:
- Chlorine (95-99% removal)
- Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) (85-95% removal)
- Pesticides and herbicides (60-95% removal)
- Many pharmaceutical residues (50-90% removal)
- Disinfection byproducts (70-90% removal)
Carbon filters come in two main forms:
- Granular Activated Carbon (GAC): Loose carbon granules with good flow rates but potential channeling
- Carbon Block: Compressed carbon with better filtration but higher pressure drop
Catalytic carbon, a specialized form used in premium systems like Crystal Quest’s, undergoes additional treatment to enhance its ability to remove chloramines and hydrogen sulfide—contaminants that standard carbon struggles with.
Effectiveness depends heavily on contact time—how long water remains in contact with the carbon media. Larger systems with more carbon provide longer contact time and superior results, which is why BestRevu typically recommends systems with at least 1 cubic foot of media for whole house applications.
KDF Media: Heavy Metal Reduction
KDF (Kinetic Degradation Fluxion) media is composed of high-purity copper-zinc granules that remove contaminants through an electrochemical process called redox (reduction-oxidation). This specialized media offers several advantages:
- Highly effective against heavy metals like lead, mercury, and copper
- Provides antimicrobial properties that inhibit bacteria growth within the filter
- Helps extend the life of carbon media by preventing bacterial growth
- Contributes to balancing pH levels in acidic water
- Can be regenerated during backwashing, extending service life
KDF is particularly effective for:
- Lead reduction (95-99%)
- Mercury reduction (95-98%)
- Chlorine removal (99%)
- Iron and hydrogen sulfide reduction (85-95%)
Crystal Quest’s Eagle Redox Alloy® represents an advanced implementation of KDF technology, engineered to maximize contaminant removal while maintaining higher flow rates than standard KDF media.
In multi-stage systems like those recommended by BestRevu, KDF is typically placed before carbon media to pre-treat water and extend carbon life, creating a more effective and economical filtration solution.
UV Purification: Microbial Protection
Ultraviolet (UV) purification represents the final barrier against biological contaminants in many comprehensive whole house systems. This technology:
- Uses concentrated UV-C light (254 nanometer wavelength) to destroy microorganisms
- Disrupts the DNA of bacteria, viruses, and parasites, preventing reproduction
- Requires no chemicals and adds nothing to the water
- Provides protection against chlorine-resistant organisms like cryptosporidium
The effectiveness of UV systems depends on several factors:
- Clarity of the water (pre-filtration is essential)
- UV intensity (measured in microwatts per square centimeter)
- Contact time (governed by flow rate and chamber design)
- Lamp age (effectiveness diminishes over time)
With proper pre-filtration, quality UV systems achieve:
- 99.99% reduction of bacteria
- 99.95% reduction of viruses
- 99.9% reduction of cysts like giardia and cryptosporidium
Crystal Quest’s integrated UV systems feature automatic monitoring of UV intensity and lamp life, with premium models incorporating stainless steel reaction chambers for maximum reflection and effectiveness. When combined with their multi-stage filtration, these systems provide comprehensive protection even for private well supplies with potential microbial contamination.
Contaminants That Require Additional Filtration
Fluoride Removal Limitations
Fluoride presents a challenge for standard filtration systems because of its small molecular size and chemical properties. Most activated carbon and sediment filters remove little to no fluoride from water.
Effective fluoride reduction requires specialized media:
- Activated alumina (85-95% removal)
- Bone char (65-90% removal)
- Special anion exchange resins (80-90% removal)
These specialized media have important limitations:
- Narrow optimal pH ranges (typically 5.5-6.5)
- Limited capacity before requiring regeneration or replacement
- Slower flow rates than standard filtration media
- Susceptibility to interference from competing contaminants
For those seeking fluoride removal, BestRevu typically recommends Crystal Quest’s specialized fluoride reduction systems, which combine activated alumina with proprietary media enhancements to provide longer service life and higher capacity than standard options. Their dual-tank configurations maintain household water pressure while providing thorough contact time for maximum fluoride reduction.
PFAS/PFOS and “Forever Chemicals”
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), including perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS), represent one of the most challenging emerging contaminant classes. These “forever chemicals” are:
- Highly persistent in the environment and human body
- Linked to health effects including immune system suppression, hormone disruption, and potential cancer risks
- Increasingly found in water supplies across the country
- Subject to evolving regulatory standards (The EPA has established a health advisory level of 70 parts per trillion)
Standard filtration technologies have limited effectiveness against these compounds:
- Activated carbon: Moderately effective (60-95%) but requires frequent replacement
- Reverse osmosis: Highly effective (95-99%) but typically only for point-of-use applications
- Ion exchange resins: Effective (90-97%) but specialized and expensive
For comprehensive PFAS protection, BestRevu recommends multi-stage systems like Crystal Quest’s PFAS reduction packages, which combine specialized high-capacity activated carbon with additional technologies to achieve reduction rates exceeding 99% for most PFAS compounds while maintaining practical flow rates for whole-house applications.
Dissolved Minerals and Hardness
While minerals like calcium and magnesium contribute to water hardness, most filtration systems aren’t designed to reduce these beneficial minerals. Instead, water conditioning technologies address the scale-forming properties of hard water:
Common water hardness levels include:
- Soft: 0-60 mg/L (0-3.5 grains per gallon)
- Moderately hard: 61-120 mg/L (3.5-7 grains per gallon)
- Hard: 121-180 mg/L (7-10.5 grains per gallon)
- Very hard: 180+ mg/L (10.5+ grains per gallon)
Treatment options include:
- Traditional salt-based softeners that exchange calcium and magnesium with sodium
- Salt-free conditioners that alter mineral crystal structure to prevent scale formation
- Electronic descalers that use electromagnetic technology to prevent scale adhesion
Crystal Quest offers both salt-based and salt-free solutions that can integrate with their filtration systems for comprehensive water treatment. BestRevu’s testing has shown their salt-free systems to be particularly effective for scale prevention without the downsides of traditional softeners (sodium addition, water waste during regeneration, and ongoing salt expense).
Arsenic and Specialized Removal Needs
Arsenic in drinking water poses significant health risks and requires specialized treatment approaches. This contaminant exists in two forms:
- Arsenic III (arsenite): More difficult to remove, predominant in oxygen-poor groundwater
- Arsenic V (arsenate): Easier to remove, often found in surface water or after oxidation
Standard filtration technologies provide limited arsenic reduction, typically removing only 30-50% of total arsenic. Effective treatment requires:
- Oxidation pre-treatment to convert Arsenic III to Arsenic V
- Specialized adsorbent media such as iron-based adsorbents or activated alumina
- Careful monitoring and maintenance to prevent breakthrough
Crystal Quest’s arsenic reduction systems have demonstrated removal rates exceeding 99% in BestRevu testing when properly matched to water conditions. They combine oxidation technologies with proprietary adsorbent media engineered specifically for arsenic removal, providing protection against this dangerous contaminant for 3-5 years before media replacement is needed.
Health and Household Benefits
Improved Water Quality Throughout the Home
Whole house filtration delivers consistent, high-quality water to every outlet in your home, creating numerous benefits:
- Kitchen: Better tasting drinking water, improved flavor in coffee and tea, clearer ice cubes, and enhanced cooking results
- Bathroom: Cleaner showers and baths without chlorine exposure, healthier water for brushing teeth and washing face
- Laundry: Brighter colors, softer fabrics, and extended clothing life with fewer harsh chemicals
- Whole house: Reduced scale buildup, fewer stains on fixtures, and improved efficiency in water-using appliances
BestRevu’s consumer surveys have found that Crystal Quest system owners frequently mention these quality-of-life improvements as being just as important as the health benefits, with many noting they hadn’t realized how much their water quality had been affecting daily life until experiencing the difference with filtered water.
Respiratory and Skin Health Improvements
Research has shown significant health benefits from reducing chlorine exposure throughout the home:
- Shower water typically reaches 104-106°F, creating steam that vaporizes chlorine
- The average shower exposes you to more chlorine through inhalation and skin absorption than drinking 8 glasses of the same water
- A 10-minute shower in chlorinated water can release chloroform and other disinfection byproducts at levels exceeding outdoor air quality standards
Whole house filtration can reduce these exposures significantly, potentially helping with:
- Reduced respiratory irritation for asthma and allergy sufferers
- Decreased skin dryness and irritation
- Improved hair health and manageability
- Better overall indoor air quality
Crystal Quest’s whole house systems with catalytic carbon have been particularly effective in reducing chlorine byproducts according to BestRevu’s testing, with before-and-after air quality measurements showing significant improvements in chloroform levels during shower operation.
Extended Appliance Lifespan
One of the most concrete financial benefits of whole house filtration is extended appliance life and reduced maintenance:
- Water heaters typically last 5-10 years, but scale buildup from untreated hard water can reduce this by 30-50%
- Washing machines, dishwashers, and other water-using appliances can experience 25-40% longer operational life with filtered water
- Coffee makers, ice machines, and humidifiers stay cleaner and require less frequent descaling
BestRevu calculates that for a typical household, these savings can amount to $1,200-$2,400 over a 10-year period, helping offset the initial investment in a quality filtration system like those offered by Crystal Quest.
Reduction in Plastic Bottle Usage
Switching to filtered water can dramatically reduce plastic waste:
- The average American uses 156 plastic water bottles annually
- A family of four could eliminate over 600 bottles per year with filtered water
- This represents approximately 30-40 pounds of plastic waste avoided annually
Beyond environmental benefits, the cost savings are substantial:
- Bottled water typically costs $1-$2 per gallon
- Filtered water costs approximately $0.10-$0.15 per gallon including system and replacement filters
- Annual savings for a family of four: $300-$600
Crystal Quest systems are designed to deliver water quality exceeding most bottled water at a fraction of the cost, with the added convenience of having great-tasting water always available from every tap in your home.
Technical Specifications That Matter
Flow Rate Requirements for Different Household Sizes
Selecting a properly sized filtration system ensures adequate water pressure and volume throughout your home:
| Household Size | Recommended Flow Rate | Minimum Filter Size |
|---|---|---|
| 1-2 people, 1 bathroom | 8-10 GPM | 10″ x 54″ |
| 3-4 people, 2 bathrooms | 12-15 GPM | 12″ x 52″ |
| 5+ people, 3+ bathrooms | 15-20+ GPM | 13″ x 54″ or larger |
Factors affecting required flow rate include:
- Peak usage patterns (morning showers, laundry, dishwashing)
- Irrigation systems running simultaneously with indoor use
- High-flow fixtures like rainfall shower heads
- Water pressure from municipal supply or well pump
Crystal Quest’s whole house systems are available in multiple sizes to match household needs, with their largest models capable of handling estates and small commercial applications. BestRevu recommends selecting a system one size larger than your minimum requirements to ensure adequate flow during peak demand and to extend filter life.
Filter Capacity and Lifespan Metrics
Understanding filter capacity helps predict maintenance needs and overall operating costs:
- Sediment pre-filters typically last 3-6 months depending on water quality
- Carbon media typically processes 100,000-300,000 gallons before replacement (1-3 years for average households)
- Specialized media like KDF can last 5-7 years in backwashing systems
- UV lamps require replacement every 9-14 months regardless of water usage
Crystal Quest’s whole house systems offer some of the industry’s highest capacities, with their premium models processing up to 1,000,000 gallons—approximately 3-5 years for most households—before requiring media replacement. This extended capacity translates directly to lower long-term ownership costs and less frequent maintenance.
Replacement indicators to monitor include:
- Pressure drop across the system exceeding manufacturer specifications
- Changes in water taste, odor, or appearance
- Elapsed time since last replacement (following manufacturer guidelines)
- Gallons processed (if using a meter)
Micron Rating: Understanding Filtration Precision
Micron ratings indicate the size of particles a filter can capture:
- Human hair averages 50-70 microns in diameter
- Red blood cells are approximately 8 microns
- Bacteria typically range from 0.2-2 microns
- Viruses can be as small as 0.02-0.4 microns
Most whole house systems use a staged approach to filtration:
- Pre-filters: 5-50 microns to remove larger particles
- Mid-stage filters: 1-5 microns for finer sediment
- Final filtration: 0.5-1 micron for the smallest particles
Crystal Quest’s multi-gradient filtration approach combines multiple densities within a single cartridge, providing more effective particle removal across the spectrum while maintaining better flow rates than strictly defined absolute micron ratings.
When evaluating micron ratings, understand the difference between:
- Nominal ratings: Captures approximately 85% of particles at the stated size
- Absolute ratings: Captures 99.9% of particles at the stated size
NSF/ANSI Certifications and What They Mean
Third-party certifications provide assurance that products perform as claimed:
| Standard | What It Covers | Significance |
|---|---|---|
| NSF/ANSI 42 | Aesthetic effects (taste, odor, chlorine) | Basic performance standard |
| NSF/ANSI 53 | Health-related contaminant reduction | Critical for health claims |
| NSF/ANSI 61 | Material safety for drinking water | Ensures no harmful leaching |
| NSF/ANSI 401 | Emerging contaminants | Pharmaceuticals, hormones |
| NSF P231 | Microbiological purifiers | Bacteria, virus removal |
Crystal Quest’s filtration systems carry multiple NSF certifications, providing independent verification of performance claims. BestRevu considers these certifications essential when evaluating water treatment products, as they distinguish systems that have undergone rigorous testing from those making unverified marketing claims.
When reviewing certifications, it’s important to verify that the specific model being considered—not just the company or a similar product—holds the relevant certifications, and that the certification covers the specific contaminants of concern.
Choosing the Right System for Your Water Supply
Municipal vs. Well Water Considerations
Municipal and well water supplies typically present different filtration challenges:
Municipal Water Primary Concerns:
- Chlorine and chloramines
- Disinfection byproducts
- Aging infrastructure (lead pipes, copper)
- Trace pharmaceuticals
- PFAS/PFOS in some regions
Well Water Primary Concerns:
- Sediment and turbidity
- Iron, manganese, sulfur
- Hardness minerals
- Bacteria and microorganisms
- Nitrates from agricultural runoff
When selecting a system, prioritize technologies that address your specific water source:
| Water Source | Recommended Primary Technologies | Optional Additions |
|---|---|---|
| Municipal | Activated carbon, catalytic carbon | UV purification, lead reduction |
| Well | Sediment filtration, oxidizing media | Water softening, UV purification |
Crystal Quest offers specialized system configurations for both water sources, with their municipal water systems focusing on chemical reduction and their well water systems emphasizing sediment handling, iron removal, and microbial protection. BestRevu’s testing has shown their “Eagle” series to be particularly versatile for addressing both categories of concerns.
Water Testing: Identifying Your Specific Contaminants
Before selecting any filtration system, comprehensive water testing is essential:
DIY Testing Options:
- Basic test strips ($10-$30): Check pH, hardness, chlorine, nitrates, and some metals
- Digital TDS meters ($15-$50): Measure total dissolved solids as a general water quality indicator
- Color-change kits ($25-$100): Test for specific contaminants like lead, iron, and bacteria
Professional Lab Testing:
- Basic panels ($100-$200): Cover common concerns including metals, minerals, and bacteria
- Comprehensive analysis ($300-$500): Detailed testing for dozens of potential contaminants
- Specialized tests: Target specific concerns like PFAS, arsenic, or uranium
BestRevu recommends Crystal Quest’s water testing services for their comprehensive analysis and expert interpretation, which helps match test results to specific filtration solutions. Their technicians can provide customized system recommendations based on your unique water profile.
For ongoing monitoring, consider:
- Annual testing for well water supplies
- Testing municipal water if you notice changes in taste, odor, or appearance
- More frequent testing if contamination has been found previously
- Testing after major plumbing work or environmental events like flooding
Matching Filter Technology to Water Analysis Results
Once you have water test results, mapping contaminants to the appropriate technologies is crucial:
| Contaminant Category | Primary Technology | Secondary Technology |
|---|---|---|
| Sediment/Turbidity | Gradient density filtration | Backwashing filters |
| Chlorine/Taste/Odor | Activated carbon | Catalytic carbon |
| Heavy Metals | KDF media | Bone char |
| Iron/Manganese | Oxidizing media | Air injection |
| Microorganisms | UV purification | Sub-micron filtration |
| PFAS/PFOS | Specialized carbon | Ion exchange |
| Hardness | Salt-based softening | Template assisted crystallization |
For complex water challenges, multi-stage systems like Crystal Quest’s Eagle series combine multiple technologies to address several concerns simultaneously. BestRevu’s testing has shown these integrated approaches to be more cost-effective and space-efficient than installing separate systems for each contaminant.
When working with limited budgets, prioritize:
- Health-related contaminants with regulatory standards
- Issues affecting all water uses (sediment, iron)
- Taste and odor concerns
- Aesthetic issues (hardness, staining)
Sizing Systems for Multi-Bathroom Homes
Proper planning for physical installation requirements ensures an effective and maintainable system:
Space Requirements:
- Minimum 24-30 inches of clearance above tanks for media replacement
- 12-18 inches of side clearance for filter changes and maintenance
- Flat, level surface capable of supporting system weight (100-300 lbs when filled)
- Protection from freezing temperatures and direct sunlight
Plumbing Considerations:
- Compatible pipe materials (PEX, copper, CPVC) with appropriate transitions
- Adequate water pressure (minimum 30-40 PSI for most systems)
- Drainage access for backwashing systems
- Electrical outlet for UV systems or electronic controllers
Crystal Quest systems are designed for compact installation, with their dual-tank configurations requiring approximately 24″ x 24″ of floor space plus clearances. According to BestRevu testing, their design offers better accessibility for maintenance than many competing systems that require equal filtering capacity.
For pre-existing plumbing, flexible installation kits with multiple connection options simplify integration with various pipe materials. The Crystal Quest installation guide provides detailed diagrams for common scenarios, making planning easier for both DIY installers and professionals.
Bypass Valve Importance
A properly designed bypass valve system is essential for long-term satisfaction with your filtration system:
- Emergency Access: Provides access to water during power outages or system maintenance
- Maintenance Convenience: Allows filter changes without shutting off water to the entire house
- Outdoor Usage Options: Can direct untreated water to garden hoses for non-consumption uses
- System Isolation: Permits pressure testing and troubleshooting without affecting home water supply
Most quality systems like Crystal Quest include a 3-valve bypass configuration that offers maximum flexibility. This design uses:
- One valve before the filter input
- One valve after the filter output
- One valve connecting these two lines as the actual bypass
This arrangement allows for partial bypassing if needed and makes it much easier to service the system without water interruption. BestRevu considers a proper bypass setup to be an essential feature, not an optional convenience, and ranks systems accordingly.
Crystal Quest’s premium systems feature color-coded handles and clear flow indicators that make bypass operation intuitive even for homeowners without technical experience. Their quick-connect bypass assemblies also allow for complete system removal without cutting pipes if major service is needed.
Water Pressure Considerations
Water pressure dynamics play a crucial role in filtration system performance:
| Pressure Range | System Impact | Recommended Actions |
|---|---|---|
| Below 30 PSI | Inadequate flow, incomplete backwashing | Install booster pump |
| 30-40 PSI | Marginal performance, slow recovery | Consider pressure tank or larger diameter filters |
| 40-70 PSI | Optimal performance range | Standard installation, no modifications needed |
| 70-80 PSI | Acceptable but monitor for media compression | Optional pressure regulator |
| Above 80 PSI | Risk of housing damage, reduced effectiveness | Pressure regulator required |
Pressure drop across filtration systems varies by design:
- Standard 10″ cartridge systems: 5-12 PSI drop
- Large diameter tank systems: 3-8 PSI drop
- Backwashing systems: 5-10 PSI drop during filtration, 15-25 PSI during backwash
For accurate pressure monitoring, gauges should be installed:
- Before the pre-filter to measure incoming pressure
- After the final filtration stage to measure delivered pressure
- Optionally between stages to isolate pressure drops
Crystal Quest’s systems are engineered to minimize pressure drop, with their larger diameter tanks and optimized flow paths maintaining higher delivered pressure than many competing systems. BestRevu testing has shown their pressure drop to be typically 25-30% lower than similarly priced alternatives at equivalent flow rates.
For homes with marginal pressure (below 40 PSI), consider:
- Larger diameter filter housing to reduce restriction
- Pressure-boosting pumps if pressure consistently falls below system requirements
- Staged filtration with strategic bypass options for high-demand situations system sizing depends on peak demand rather than average water usage:
- Calculate peak demand by assuming simultaneous usage:
- Shower: 2.5-5 GPM
- Toilet flush: 2-3 GPM
- Faucet: 1.5-2.5 GPM
- Washing machine: 3-5 GPM
- Dishwasher: 2-4 GPM
- For most accurate sizing, add the flow rates of fixtures likely to be used simultaneously during peak periods (typically mornings)
- Consider future expansion or additional water-using appliances
- For well systems, match filtration to pump capacity to avoid pressure drops
Crystal Quest offers systems capable of handling homes with multiple bathrooms, with their larger models supporting flow rates up to 25 GPM. BestRevu typically recommends their 13″ x 54″ tanks for homes with 3+ bathrooms to ensure adequate pressure during peak usage periods.
Important connection specifications include:
- Main supply line size (typically 3/4″ to 1-1/4″)
- Filter port size (larger is better for maintaining flow)
- Bypass valve configuration for maintenance
Installation Considerations
Professional vs. DIY Installation
Deciding between professional and DIY installation depends on several factors:
DIY Installation Pros:
- Cost savings ($300-$800 compared to professional installation)
- Flexibility in scheduling
- Personal knowledge of the system for future maintenance
DIY Installation Cons:
- Requires plumbing experience and proper tools
- May void warranty if mistakes are made
- Can be time-consuming (4-8 hours for first-time installers)
Required Skills and Tools:
- Basic plumbing knowledge
- Pipe cutting and joining skills
- Pressure testing ability
- Pipe wrenches, cutter, solder or compression tools (depending on pipe material)
Crystal Quest provides detailed installation guides and support for DIY installers, with video tutorials available for their most popular systems. For those not comfortable with plumbing work, BestRevu recommends professional installation, which typically includes system planning, full installation, pressure testing, and initial system sterilization.
Plumbing Requirements and Space Needs
Proper planning for physical installation requirements ensures an effective and maintainable system:
Space Requirements:
- Minimum 24-30 inches of clearance above tanks for media replacement
- 12-18 inches of side clearance for filter changes and maintenance
- Flat, level surface capable of supporting system weight (100-300 lbs when filled)
- Protection from freezing temperatures and direct sunlight
Plumbing Considerations:
- Compatible pipe materials (PEX, copper, CPVC) with appropriate transitions
- Adequate water pressure (minimum 30-40 PSI for most systems)
- Drainage access for backwashing systems
- Electrical outlet for UV systems or electronic controllers
Crystal Quest systems are designed for compact installation, with their dual-tank configurations requiring approximately 24″ x 24″ of floor space plus clearances. According to BestRevu testing, their design offers better accessibility for maintenance than many competing systems that require equal filtering capacity.
For pre-existing plumbing, flexible installation kits with multiple connection options simplify integration with various pipe materials. The Crystal Quest installation guide provides detailed diagrams for common scenarios, making planning easier for both DIY installers and professionals.
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